Date palm trees are common in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. Palm trees are also grown for their oil palm oil and their wood to make wicker furniture. Some species of palm trees are among the tallest trees in the world. These trees are as tall as a story building! Not all palm trees are actually trees. Some of the more than 2, different types of palms are shrub-like evergreen plants and some are climbing palms. Identification features of palm trees include the leaf shape, height and the trunk appearance.
Identifying species of palm trees is usually done by the distinctive shape of the palm fronds leaves. Generally, leaves of palm trees are either pinnate feather-like leaves or palmate fan-like fronds. Another way to identify the type of palm tree is by the trunk shape. Some of the tallest species of palm trees have long slender single trunks and dwarf varieties usually have short fat palm trunks.
Some smaller palm tree species may have clustered trunks with 3 or 4 short trunks growing together. You can also tell the species of palm tree by the appearance of the trunk. Some tall palm trees have smooth slender trunks.
Depending on the species, these types of trees may have a ringed or bumpy appearance and have a grayish-brown color. Some types of palms have trunks covered in fiber or husks that make the trunk look hairy or spiky. Most people who want to grow palm trees in their yard look for small or miniature types of palm trees.
Usually species of miniature or small palm trees are defined as being under 12 ft. Within the small or dwarf palm tree category there are two types of palm trees: bushy palm tree and small palm tree. Due to its small size, cat palm can be grown indoors. The cat palm is a small palm plant with slender pinnate dark green leaves growing on thin stems that extend straight out of the ground. This trunkless palm tree grows 6 ft. In time, the clumping palm forms a dense thicket of shiny slender leaflets.
The identifiable features of a cat palm are the skinny green stems and pinnate leaves, trunkless growth, and flowering stems of yellow ball-like blooms. If the palm is pollinated, small shiny green palm fruits appear that ripen to black ovoid-shaped drupes 0. The common use of this small palm is as a garden plant in warm climates. However, due to its clumping, bushy habit, it is one of the few palm plants that can be used as an evergreen hedge plant. In colder climates, cat palms are ideal for growing in pots indoors if there is plenty of sunlight.
The pygmy date palm is a type of little palm tree with spiky trunk. As its common name suggests, the pygmy date palm Phoenix roebelenii is a small-sized palm tree. The small palm tree can be identified by its single stem with long bushy pinnate fronds that measure around 3 ft. This palm species is an excellent ornamental flowering tree for subtropical landscaped gardens. The arching-drooping fronds of pygmy date palm are large and showy and almost hide the spiky-looking trunk.
These short palm trees also grow well in containers. Pindo palm tree is classified as a slow growing, cold-hardy and small palm tree variety. Also named the jelly palm , Pindo palm trees Butia capitata are a species of cold-hardy palms. Although the mature palms can reach a height of 15 to 20 ft. This means that they are suitable for gardens where small palm trees are required.
These short palm trees thrive in full sun or partial shade and are tolerant of most soil types. The Triangle Palm has pinnate fronds that fan out from a single trunk.
The Triangle Palm is the common name for the Dypsis decaryi palm which is in the small to medium-sized category of palm trees. The Triangle palm is identified by its extremely long pinnate fronds that grow up to 8 ft. The leaves fan out from a single fibrous stem to form a distinct triangle shape. This a very ornamental type of palm tree for subtropical and tropical gardens. The Triangle palm is ideal in a landscape as a backyard tree. The Mediterranean Dwarf Palm has few trunks and is small enough to suit many gardens.
Also called the Mediterranean Pan palm, this species of flowering palm is a small-growing tree. The Mediterranean Dwarf Palm Chamaerops humilis has a few clustered trunks that make the palm look more like a shrub than a tree. In warm climates, this small palm species grows to between 10 and 20 ft. The palm fronds are light green to silver-green in color and grow in a fan shape. The Mediterranean Dwarf palm is prized for its ornamental value and cold hardiness. The elegant palm can give gardens a tropical look even if you live in temperate climates.
The Mazari palm is cold hardy and looks more like a palm bush. The Mazari palm Nannorrhops ritchiana is more of a shrubby bush than a palm tree.
Native to southwestern Asia, the Mazari palm has palmate fan-like leaves that grow on clusters of stems. The fan-shaped leaves can measure between 1 and 4 ft. Apart from the striking look of its leaves, the other interesting feature of the palm is its color. The fronds are a silvery-green or silver-blue color and the long tapering leaflets give the palm a spiky appearance.
Like other types of cold-hardy palm trees, the Mazari palm needs hot summers to grow well. The Dwarf Majesty palm tree is common both indoors and outdoors due to its miniature size. One of the most popular short palm trees for gardens and landscaping is the Dwarf Majesty palm tree Ravenea hildebrandtii. This is a single-trunk palm with dark green pinnate leaves. The large wide arching leaves look majestic as the focal point of any subtropical ornamental garden.
The bright green leaves can grow up to 3 ft. The contrast of the slim trunk and wide crown of foliage can grace any garden. You can also grow this palm in containers. The Christmas palm tree is a popular choice in many gardens. If you are looking for a miniature type of palm tree for your garden, then the Christmas palm Adonidia merrillii is an excellent choice.
This ornamental palm tree is small when compared to other tall coconut or date palms. Some reports indicate that the Christmas palm tree is one of the most popular ornamental types of palm on the planet.
Large pinnate palm leaves arch up from the top of the stem to form a beautiful crown of green foliage. The small ornamental Bottle palm tree has a thick short trunk.
The Bottle Palm tree Hyophorbe lagenicaulis gets its name from the bottle-like shape of the short fat trunk. The identifying feature of this small palm tree is the enlarged trunk that looks swollen at the base. This helps to differentiate this palm species from the Spindle palm which swells in the middle of the fat trunk. At the top of the 10 ft. At maturity, these pinnate leaves can grow to 12 ft. These bottle palms grow well in states such as Florida and California.
Or, you can grow them in containers and bring them indoors during winter. The Sago palm is not a true type of palm tree. Although the Cycas revoluta is named the Sago palm , it is not a true variety of palm tree.
The Sago palm belongs to the family Cycadaceae which may look like a palm but is botanically different. Depending on your climate and the type of garden you have, there are many species of tall palm trees that look majestic in subtropical and tropical gardens. Coconut palm tree grows up to ft. The coconut palm tree is one of the most easily recognizable types of palms. This tall palm tree grows up to ft. The recognizable mature brown coconut seed is covered in a hairy fiber and is located inside a thick husk.
The edible portion of the coconut is the white meat found inside the wood-like shell. A coconut palm tree can produce up to 75 fruits per year. The large, round fruits grow in bunches, close to the central stem and amongst the leaf stems. The Royal palm likes lots of water, but it is moderately drought-tolerant and is a great shade tree. This popular, low-maintenance tree has a life span of years and grows well in full sun or partial shade. Its curved leaves and ringed trunk come in numerous sizes.
There are tall coconut trees which grow to 90 feet tall and 16 feet wide, and there are dwarf coconut trees which grow up to 45 feet tall and 9 feet wide. They flourish best close to the sea on low-lying areas a few feet above high water, where there is circulating groundwater and an ample rainfall. What's your favorite palm tree? Is it on this list? January 23, Thus, this work evaluated some ecophysiological aspects of two American palm species — Acrocomia aculeata and Syagrus coronata — under field conditions.
The first species is a palm tree native to the tropical Americas. It may be found in different Brazilian ecosystems, including degraded areas Motta et al.
Macaw palm occurrence in Minas Gerais: relationship with climatic attributes, soil and vegetation. In addition, the fruits of this species have large oil content Coimbra and Jorge Coimbra, M.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92, The second species, S. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 22, Under controlled conditions, this species exhibits robust photosynthetic drought tolerance Medeiros et al. The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of the two species under semi-arid conditions.
We expect that S. To test this hypothesis, we measured the gas exchange, leaf carbon balance components and leaf anatomical parameters during the rainy and dry periods.
The effects of environmental changes on leaf metabolism are discussed. This area is prone to droughts, with an average rainfall of mm per year. The palm trees Acrocomia aculeata Jacq Lodd. Because of this difference in age, we show and discuss the results without direct comparisons. Plants of S. Five trees of each species were sampled on four different dates between May and November During the evaluations, the rainfall was mm in May rainy period , 25 mm in November dry period , 36 mm in May dry period and 63 mm in November dry period , resulting in a total of and mm in rainy and dry periods defined herein, respectively.
We measured the soil moisture on the same days that gas exchange was measured. To measure soil relative water content SRWC , the cm depth soil samples were collected in areas around the five individuals of each species. The soil was stored in a tightly sealed plastic bag and weighed fresh weight FW in the laboratory.
The soil was then dried under a forced air oven at 80 oC until constant weight dry weight DW. The leaf water status Y l was measured at and on the same days that gas exchange measurements were obtained.
Fully expanded and healthy leaflets of five individuals of each species were used. The measurements were performed using a pressure chamber model , Soil Moisture Equipment Corp.
Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic potential in leaves of mangroves and some other plants. In a completely randomized design, five plants per species were selected for physiological measurements — net CO 2 assimilation P N , stomatal conductance g s , and transpiration E — performed in fully expanded and healthy leaflets using an infra-red gas analyser IRGA, LC-pro, ADC, UK.
The leaves were mature and fully expanded but not senescent; moreover, they were intact and healthy. The measurements were performed in the morning between and and afternoon between and The air vapour pressure deficit VPD was measured with a portable thermo-hygrometer. VPD was 0. Samples from five individuals per species were collected between and For ethanolic extraction, we used 50 mg of leaf tissue. Soluble sugars SS were measured according to Dubois et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.
Annals of Chemistry, 28, Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, , The insoluble fraction from the extraction of SS was used to determine the starch content. The pellet was hydrolysed for one hour with ten units of amyloglucosidase, and the resulting sugars were analysed a second time Dubois et al.
To extract the leaf total soluble protein content TSP , we used mg of leaf tissue from S. An aliquot of the extract was used for protein quantification according to the Bradford method Bradford, M. Rapid and quantitative method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annals of Biochemistry, 72, Photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a , chorophyll b and carotenoids were extracted from mg of leaf tissue from S.
According to the methodology proposed by Lichtenthaler Lichtenthaler, H. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, , The readings were performed using a spectrophotometer at , Additionally, the non-specific absorbance at nm was recorded to correct for colour, turbidity and contaminating compounds. We collected the same leaves in which gas exchange was measured in May and November dry period.
For the transverse sections of S. The leaflets collected from S. For A. Rio de Janeiro: Edur-RJ. All of the sections were subsequently stained with safranin-astra blue Kraus and Arduin Kraus, J. For epidermal dissociation, the samples were submitted to Franklin Franklin, G.
Preparation of thin sections of synthetic resins and wood-resin composites and a new macerating method for wood.
Nature, , Photomicrographs were obtained using a Leica DM light photomicroscope. From the six individuals of each species, we analysed 48 and 60 randomly selected microscopic fields of view for the transverse sections and paradermal sections adaxial and abaxial epidermis , respectively.
We measured the thickness of the mesophyll, epidermis, hypodermis and cuticle in the transverse sections and of the dissociated epidermis. The leaf water potential in S. On the other hand, the values were reduced in both species under high VPD in the afternoon. This oscillation was followed by g s , but not by CO 2 assimilation in both species during the rainy period Figures 2a , b. In the rainy period, the g s for S. The average P N of S.
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